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Tax-to-GDP: What India can learn from countries with better collections

Exploring India's tax-to-GDP gap, lessons from global reforms, and the role of social security contributions in boosting revenue and citizen compliance

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It might be interesting to study how these countries succeeded in raising and maintaining a higher tax-to-GDP ratio. | Illustration: Binay Sinha

R Kavita Rao New Delhi

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Discussions on the tax-to-GDP ratios for India have often cited the country’s performance in comparison to other nations. The underlying analysis refers to simple comparisons to other similar countries or to statistical tools like the stochastic frontier analysis. The South Asia Development Update, 2025, of the World Bank, too, uses this approach. The tax gap from this method indicates the shortfall in revenue collection relative to a potential. The broad conclusions in the latter suggest that the tax gap for India is similar to that of Emerging Markets and Developing Economies. This approach assumes that tax collections depend primarily on
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