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In 1980, Apple went public at a $1.8 billion market cap, just five years after its founding. Microsoft followed in 1986 at $800 million, 11 years after founding, and Nvidia in 1999 at $600 million, six years after founding. Today, these companies are the world’s most valuable, each worth close to $4 trillion. Their compounding is a reminder of the extraordinary wealth-creation opportunity that public markets can unlock —not only for founders and institutions, but also for everyday retail investors who invested early and remained invested.
Over the years, this dynamic has shifted. In the US today, iconic startups like
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