How cannabis can slow tumour growth revealed

A new study has revealed how the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis could reduce tumour growth in cancer patients.

According to the study by researchers at University of East Anglia, the findings, suggest the existence of previously unknown signaling platforms which are responsible for the drug's success in shrinking tumours, which could help develop a synthetic equivalent with anti-cancer properties.

The team used samples of human cancer cells to induce tumours in mice. They then targeted the tumours with doses of the cannabis compound THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol). They found that two cell receptors in particular were responsible for the drug's anti-tumour effects.

Dr Peter McCormick, from UEA's school of Pharmacy, said that THC, the major active component of marijuana, has anti-cancer properties and this compound is known to act through a specific family of cell receptors called cannabinoid receptors. However, it was unclear which of these receptors were responsible for the anti-tumour effects of THC.

McCormick added that they have found that these effects are mediated via the joint interaction of CB2 and GPR55 - two members of the cannabinoid receptor family and their findings help explain some of the well-known but still poorly understood effects of THC at low and high doses on tumour growth.

The scientists said that by identifying the receptors involved they have provided an important step towards the future development of therapeutics that can take advantage of the interactions they have discovered to reduce tumour growth.

The research uses an isolated chemical compound and using the correct concentration is vital.

However, the scientists also warned that cancer patients should not use cannabis to self-medicate, but they hope that the research will lead to a safe synthetic equivalent being available in the future.

The study was published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.