Based on Solomon Northup's 1853 memoir, the difficult-to-watch film has been hailed for its honest portrayal of one of the darkest chapters in American history, something that has been missing in Hollywood cinema for a long time.
Producer-director McQueen, 44, who lost the best director trophy to "Gravity" helmer Alfonso Cuaron, dedicated the honor to those who suffered slavery and "the 21 million who still endure slavery today.
"Everyone deserves not just to survive, but to live. This is the most important legacy of Solomon Northup," the director said as he was presented the Oscar night's top award by actor Will Smith.
"I speak for everyone behind me that it has been an absolute privilege to work on Solomon Northup's story and we all are standing up here tonight because of one man, who brought us all together to tell that story and that's Steve McQueen," Pitt said
The film triumphed over the other eight nominees -- "American Hustle", "Captain Phillips", "Dallas Buyers Club", "Gravity", "Her", "Nebraska", "Philomena" and "The Wolf of Wall Street".
With some of the best performances by Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Fassbender and Lupita Nyong'o, the film revolves around Northup's (played by Ejiofor), a free black man living with his wife and children in New York in 1841. He is tricked, kidnapped and sold into slavery.
Sent to Louisiana, he experiences violence and degradation of life as a slave while clinging to the hope that he will regain his freedom someday.
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