The arrests were the culmination of an eight-month FBI investigation that took agents "deep into a hidden culture of hatred and violence," Acting US Attorney Tom Beall said.
A complaint unsealed yesterday charges Curtis Wayne Allen, 49; Patrick Eugene Stein, 47; and Gavin Wayne Wright, 49, with conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction.
Their first court appearance is Monday.
The men are members of a small militia group that calls itself "the Crusaders," and whose members espouse sovereign citizen, anti-government, anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant extremist beliefs, according to the complaint.
The complaint alleges group members chose the target based on their hatred for Muslims, people of Somali descent and immigrants, and out of a desire to inspire other militia groups and "wake people up."
The FBI began a domestic terrorism investigation of the group in February, and a confidential source attended its meetings in southwestern Kansas.
They ultimately decided to target the apartment complex because of the number of Somalis who lived there and the fact that one of the apartments was used as a mosque. The complex houses about 120 Somali residents, Beall said.
The complaint said that Stein discussed the explosives used in the 1995 bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City by Timothy McVeigh.
The men, who were arrested in Liberal yesterday, performed surveillance of the apartment building and prepared a manifesto, Beall said.
If convicted, the men could be sentenced to up to life in federal prison without parole.
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