Between hope and horror, Iraqis brace for new protests

After decades of instability, Iraq seemed to be catching a break: jihadists were defeated, violence plummeted, checkpoints were removed. Buoyed by hope, Umm Zeina persuaded her son not to emigrate.

Hussam had been considering joining his sister in the United States, but last year Umm Zeina made the case to stay.

"I told him not to go because we felt good, life was getting better and better, and we were forgetting the fear and the explosions," she told AFP.

All that changed earlier this month, when deadly protests seemed to drag Iraq out of its reverie and back into its dark days. From October 1-6, thousands of Iraqis took to the streets in Baghdad and across the south to protest rampant corruption, mass unemployment and failing public services.

They railed against an entrenched political class that they blamed for staggering inequality: one in five people live below the poverty line in OPEC's second-largest oil producer.

But they were met with a volley of tear gas and gunfire that ultimately left 157 people dead, according to the government, which acknowledged "excessive force" was used.

"The fear came back," said Umm Zeina.

Compounding her worries of renewed violence was a broader concern that Iraq would be destabilised by the spiralling tensions between its two main allies, the United States and Iran.

Fresh anti-government rallies broke out on Thursday, with hundreds descending onto the streets of Baghdad. Larger protests are expected on Friday.

Amjad, 21, is bracing himself for difficult days after he had capitalised on Iraq's brief respite from violence to open a small shop in the capital's centre.

"Things were getting better in recent months. But this month, with the protests and security situation, we fell far short," Amjad told AFP.

"What's coming in Iraq will be much worse," he predicted. Iraq has been hard-hit by decades of instability, including war with Iran in the 1980s, a devastating international embargo in the 1990s and the US-led invasion that toppled dictator Saddam Hussein in 2003.

Several years of sectarian violence followed before the Islamic State group swept across the country in 2014 and seized nearly a third of it -- just as oil prices dropped.

Iraq faced a devastating economic crisis as its troops fought IS, finally declaring victory in late 2017.

Young people across the country thought they could finally hit restart -- including Youssef Ibrahim, now 27.

"When I felt things were improving after IS's defeat, I opened a mobile telephone store and got married to have a life like everybody else," he told AFP.

"But with the current events, we feel lost. I don't know if opening the shop or getting married were good ideas."