The explosion rocked the Nyanya station south of Abuja at 6:45 am (local time), leaving body parts scattered across the terminal and destroying dozens of vehicles.
It was the deadliest single attack ever to hit Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory, which includes Abuja and surrounding areas.
Officials had earlier said that two separate blasts ripped through the compound, but later said the damage may have been caused by just one bomb.
National police spokesman Frank Mba put the toll at 71 dead and 124 injured, with the wounded being treated at area hospitals.
Visiting the site, President Goodluck Jonathan vowed that Nigeria would overcome the brutal insurgency being waged by Boko Haram, blamed for killing thousands across the north and centre of the country since 2009.
"The issue of Boko Haram is quite an ugly history within this period of our own development," Jonathan said. "But we will get over it... The issue of Boko Haram is temporary."
The explosions left a hole roughly 1.2 metres deep and spread debris across the compound, an AFP reporter and witnesses said.
"I saw bodies taken away in open trucks," said witness Yakubu Mohammed. "It is difficult to count them because the bodies were burnt and in pieces."
A second witness, Suleiman Aminu, said he believed the initial blast came from a minibus parked near larger commuter vehicles, and that commuters who had queued up to board were the likely target.
Boko Haram violence has cost more than 1,500 lives already this year, but most of the unrest has affected villages in the remote northeast.
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