Buttler smashed medium-pacer Anwar Ali for his eighth six to complete his third one-day century off just 46 balls -- also the joint-seventh fastest one-day hundred -- to help England score 129 in the final 10 overs.
Buttler improved his own record of a 61-ball hundred -- the previous fastest hundred for England -- made against Sri Lanka at Lord's in May last year.
In all Buttler, who finished with 116 not out from 52 deliveries, clobbered 8 sixes and 10 boundaries to pulverise Pakistan who are seeking to level the series after falling behind 2-1.
Roy added 140 for the second wicket with Joe Root (71) to set an ideal platform for Buttler. Roy took a single off leg-spinner Yasir Shah to complete the three-figure mark off 113 balls but two runs later was caught off the same bowler.
Roy, whose previous best of 67 came against Australia at Southampton in September this year, hit eight boundaries and a six during his brilliant knock.
Root ably supported Roy, hitting three boundaries and two sixes during his run-a-ball innings before he was stumped off Pakistan's skipper Azhar Ali who finished with 2-26.
West Indies are likely to remain unchanged as captain
Jason Holder takes positives from his team's fight in Dubai.
"There were a lot of positives from the first Test, so we need to keep that momentum and approach," said Holder.
"We gave two chances to Ali and paid the price for that so we have to take our chances," said Holder of the two dropped catches of Ali on 17 and 190.
Teams (from):
Pakistan: Misbah-ul-Haq (captain), Azhar Ali, Sami Aslam, Asad Shafiq, Younis Khan, Babar Azam, Sarfraz Ahmed, Mohammad Nawaz, Mohammad Amir, Wahab Riaz, Yasir Shah, Zulfiqar Babar, Rahat Ali, Sohail Khan, Imran Khan
West Indies: Jason Holder (captain), Kraigg Brathwaite, Devendra Bishoo, Jermaine Blackwood, Carlos Brathwaite, Darren Bravo, Roston Chase, Miguel Cummins, Shane Dowrich, Shannon Gabriel, Shai Hope, Leon Johnson, Alzarri Joseph, Marlon Samuels, Jomel Warrican
Umpires: Michael Gough (ENG) and Richard Illingworth (ENG)
Tv umpire: Paul Reiffel (AUS)
Match referee: Jeff Corwe (NZL).
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