The claims have surfaced after revelations of child abuse by prominent celebrities, fuelling calls for an over-arching inquiry into past sex violations.
The allegations of child abusers in Westminster centre on a dossier given to the interior ministry in 1983 by Geoffrey Dickens, a Conservative MP and campaigner against child abuse.
But that file is missing.
Today, Britain's Home Office revealed that in total, 114 files relating to child abuse allegations were "presumed destroyed, missing or not found".
The interior ministry said a senior legal figure would carry out a fresh review of how the office dealt with the Dickens dossier.
The issue comes at a sensitive time for David Cameron's coalition government as the prime minister prepares to contest an election in 2015.
Norman Tebbit, a prominent Conservative who held a series of senior posts in government in the 1980s told the BBC there "may well" have been a cover-up.
The comments by one of former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's closet allies fuelled demands for a wide-ranging inquiry into child abuse allegations in the era.
"We need an overarching review led by child protection experts," the opposition Labour party's Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper said in an open letter.
"Any stones left unturned will leave concerns of institutional malaise, or worse a cover-up, unaddressed."
Some politicians have warned against digging up past abuse claims, with Conservative MP David Mellor, who served under Brittan in the interior ministry in the 1980s, saying there was a risk of a "witch hunt".
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