Kevin Omar Mohamed, 23, appeared briefly in a Toronto area court to face the charge, which was in addition to two weapons offenses laid by federal police when he was arrested last week in possession of a knife.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) said he had travelled to Turkey on or around April 24, 2014 to join Jabhat Al-Nusra, a group banned in Canada and affiliated with Al-Qaeda.
He flew back to Canada a month later.
"While there was no indication of any plans for a domestic attack, we must remain committed to preventing individuals from traveling abroad to gain training and expertise that could be used in the planning and implementation of future attacks on Canadian soil," RCMP Superintendent Lise Crouch was quoted as saying after the arrest.
About 60 Canadians who traveled abroad to join terror groups are now back in the country, and another 180 are estimated to be overseas engaged with extremists, Canada's spy chief Michel Coulombe told a newspaper last month.
