Wu died yesterday while on vacation in Honduras, Laogai Human Rights Organization administrator Ann Noonan told The Associated Press. The case of death wasn't immediately known and Wu's son Harrison and former wife China Lee were traveling to the Central American nation to bring home Wu's remains, Noonan said.
"He was a real hero," Noonan said by phone from New York. "Harry's work will continue, it will not stop."
Wu was born into a prosperous family in Shanghai that saw most of its property confiscated following the civil war victory of Mao Zedong's communists in 1949. He studied geology in university but fell foul of the authorities for his criticism of the Soviet Union, China's then ally, and was sentenced in 1960 at age 23 to China's prison camp system known as laogai, or "reform through labor."
According to his autobiography, Wu spent various terms in 12 different camps, experiencing harsh work regimens on farms, coal mines and work sites, along with beatings, torture and near starvation.
Released in 1979 following Mao's death three years earlier, Wu moved to the United States in 1985 but returned frequently to China to conduct research on the labor camp system.
Having become a US citizen, Wu was arrested during a visit to China in 1995 and sentenced to 15 years on espionage charges. He was immediately deported to the US where he continued his work documenting Chinese human rights abuses and was a frequent speaker before Congress and at academic events.
China has since formally eliminated laogai along with a milder version known as laojiao, or "reform through education," although penal labor remains a key feature of the Chinese prison system.