The report from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is the latest to document a warming trend that many scientists expect will make 2015 the planet's most scorching year in modern times.
Global climate data for 2015 is to be released on January 20.
For the United States alone, December 2015 was "record warm for the contiguous US, with a temperature of 38.6 Fahrenheit, six degrees above the 20th century average," NOAA said in a statement.
"It was quite an exceptional month," said Jake Crouch, climate scientist at NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information.
December 2015 marked the first time in 121 years "that a month has been both the wettest and the warmest on record," he added.
The average temperature for the entire year in the United States was the second warmest since record-keeping began in 1880.
"Only 2012 was warmer for the US," NOAA said, noting that last year marked the 19th consecutive year the annual average temperature exceeded the 20th century average.
"Every state had an above average temperature for the year," said Crouch.
The NOAA report also said there were 10 weather and climate disaster events that caused losses above $1 billion each.
"These events included a drought, two floods, five severe storms, a wildfire event and a winter storm," and resulted in 155 deaths.
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