The Italian raised his middle finger to spectators as he trudged off court after crashing to 553rd-ranked Wang Chuhan 7-6(7/5), 6-4 on Tuesday.
He also appeared to shove the Chinese wildcard at the net after the pair shook hands following their first-round match.
"He was fined $2,000 for making a visible obscenity," said an official at the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), the governing body of the men's professional tennis.
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