Manuel Valls had already announced his intention to hold the vote last week, shortly after tendering the government's resignation when his firebrand, left-wing economy minister publicly challenged the country's economic direction. Valls replaced him with a former banker in the quick reshuffle that ensued.
The move angered the left flank of a deeply divided party that is going through a crisis that reflects that of France as a whole, weighed down by stagnant growth, record-high unemployment and a deeply unpopular leader.
Valls confidently declared last week that "the majority will be there" for the vote.
But the work programme contains a policy called the Responsibility Pact that offers tax breaks to businesses in exchange for jobs, funded by big public spending cuts, which is deeply unpopular with rebel left-wing Socialist lawmakers.
Observers believe it is unlikely these rebels will choose to vote against Valls. If the prime minister does not get a majority, however, a dramatic dissolution of parliament would be inevitable, plunging France further into crisis.
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