A judge in Jakarta handed down the unusually tough sentence, and said that by accepting kickbacks to sway decisions on local election disputes, Akil Mochtar had severely damaged the constitutional court's standing.
"The defendant was the chairman of a high-level state institution that was the last bastion for people seeking justice," presiding judge Suwidya told a special anti-corruption court.
"His actions have resulted in the collapse of the authority of the constitutional court."
He was caught red-handed in October in a sting by anti-corruption investigators as he was about to accept around three billion rupiah (USD 250,000) in bribes from a businessman and a lawmaker, according to prosecutors.
He is the latest in a series of top public servants to become embroiled in a corruption case, with the former top energy regulator and several government ministers among those accused of graft.
However his case was the most shocking in recent times, as the constitutional court had been considered one of the country's cleanest institutions.
He had accepted around USD 5.4 million in bribes in cases linked to regional election disputes, according to prosecutors.
One of the key roles of the constitutional court, created in 2001, is to decide on disputes in local and national elections.
But following the Mochtar scandal, the court ruled that it should no longer have responsibility for deciding local poll disputes, although it will continue to decide on such cases until the government has issued a new law.
Indonesia is consistently ranked one of the world's most corrupt countries.
NGO Transparency International ranked Indonesia 114th out of 177 countries and territories in its annual corruption perceptions index last year. A number one ranking means the least corrupt.