Tensions are high in Israel following a wave of violence that has killed 201 Palestinians and 28 Israelis since October.
The blockade was decided after "an evaluation of the security situation", a military spokesperson told AFP without giving specifics.
The Israeli government regularly closes off access to Israel for Palestinians during major Jewish religious festivals, though exceptions will be made for humanitarian and medical cases, the spokesperson added.
Thousands of Jewish pilgrims flock to Jerusalem and other holy sites during the eight-day holiday of Passover, which commemorates the Jewish exodus from Egypt in Biblical times.
"We will act against these provocateurs by deploying security reinforcements in areas of friction," he said.
Most of the Palestinians killed in recent months were carrying out knife, gun or car-ramming attacks, according to Israeli authorities.
Earlier this week a suicide bus bombing in Jerusalem wounded 20 people, with Israel blaming Hamas, the Islamist rulers of the Gaza Strip.
Many analysts say Palestinian frustration with Israeli occupation and settlement-building in the West Bank, the complete lack of progress in peace efforts and their own fractured leadership have fed the recent unrest.
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