The 35-year-old central defender, the most successful captain in Chelsea's history, was informed about the decision before last week's 1-0 league win over Arsenal.
"I was in last week before the Arsenal game and it (my contract) is not going to be extended," he said. "It's not going to be a fairytale ending, I'm not going to retire at Chelsea. Ideally, I would have loved to stay, but the club's moving in a different direction. I needed to know now, like I have done every January, and sometimes it takes a couple of months to get done. Unfortunately, it was a 'no'."
"They said that when the new manager comes in, things might change. It's a 'no' at the minute," Terry said.
"It took me a couple of days to get over."
Having joined the youth ranks and then made his senior debut in 1998, Terry was appointed club captain in 2004. His physical presence, anticipation and leadership qualities made him the outstanding figure in Chelsea's defence as the club enjoyed a run of trophy success.
He held on to the Chelsea captaincy despite being banned for four matches and fined in 2012 for racially abusing Queens Park Rangers defender Anton Ferdinand.
Having made 696 appearances for the Blues, Terry's next destination is likely to be abroad.
"I couldn't play for another Premier League club. It will be elsewhere for sure," he said. "I don't know where and I leave that to the people in charge."
"The club will move on, no player is ever bigger than the club," he said. "No doubt they'll sign one or two great center-backs. I want to come back as a Chelsea supporter in years to come with my kids and see the team doing great. Unfortunately that's not going to be with me, but I want to see the team do well."
Chelsea's season has so far been a chaotic one, with the champions languishing in the wrong half of the table after a poor start under Mourinho.
Chelsea is currently 13th in the Premier League standings on 28 points, 14 behind Tottenham in the fourth and final Champions League slot.
"It's going to be my last year and I want to go out at the top," he said.
"We spoke about my legacy and coming back to the club when I finish. The most important thing now is to get us up the league.
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