Launch is only part of Mars mission story; challenges ahead

The successful launch of the country's Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) today, is only part of the country's first inter-planetary venture story. The space odyssey is long and complex.
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is now looking forward to two key dates - December 1, when the MOM spacecraft leaves the earth's sphere of influence and September 24 next year, when it's captured by Martian orbit.
The spacecraft launched today would go around the earth for 25 days before the ISRO plans to do trans-Mars injection at 0.42 hours on December 1 enabling it to undertake the long voyage towards the Red planet.

"This injection has to be precise as it will estimate where the satellite would be on September 24, 2014 - plus or minus 50 kms from the designated orbit around Mars (366 kms X 80,000 kms)," an ISRO official told PTI.
As the spacecraft approaches the Martian orbit, ISRO would reduce the velocity so that it's captured by Martian orbit; otherwise if it continues with the same velocity, it would fly past Mars.
"Being a complex mission of this nature, any day you advance (of the 300-day journey from earth to Mars), it's a progress," ISRO Chairman K Radhakrishnan said.

ISRO has incorporated autonomous features in MOM spacecraft to handle contingencies.
"As it moves towards Mars, given the distance between Mars and earth, you will encounter communication delay 20 minutes one way. It means when signals are sent from ground stations, it will take 20 minutes to reach the spacecraft. For about 40 minutes (including time for return communication), there will be a occasion when you do not know what's happening," an ISRO official said.