Novel material can remove pollutants from water

Scientists have identified absorbent materials that can help soak up pollutants found in urban waste water in less than 24 hours.

Researchers from University of Seville in Spain evaluated two types of phyllosilicates: a highly-charged expandable synthetic mica (Na-Mica-4), and one obtained from cation exchange with an organo-functionalised mica (C18-Mica-4).

Phyllosilicates are a subclass of silicates and include common mineral in very different environments.

The results show that the material C18-Mica-4 is capable of eliminating the majority of pollutants that were evaluated in urban waste water, as well as surface water and potable water.

The study also provides data on the adsorption mechanism and establishes a significant correlation between the physical chemical properties of the selected criteria and emerging pollutants and the adsorption to the material.

In total, 18 organic pollutants were studied, among which were industrial pollutants, personal care products, and the pharmacological active ingredients such as anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, anti-epileptics, central nervous system stimulants and lipid-lowering agents, among others.

Within the industrial pollutants, several compounds frequently used as cleaning products were analysed, as well as others used as water- and oil-repellents. With the personal care products, two synthetic preservatives were analysed (methylparaben and propylparaben), both widely used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Lastly, nine active pharmacological ingredients were also tested (diclofenac, ibuprofen, salicylic acid, trimpethoprim, carbamazepine, propranolol, caffeine, clofibric acid and gemfibrozil).

Taken to achieve different therapeutic effects, these all end up polluting our waters, essentially, via human excretion.

The study was carried out on untreated urban waste water, treated urban waste water, surface water from rivers and potable water.

"Studies like this, and others in the same line, are showing the potential of certain adsorbent materials for use in the industrial treatment of water affected by different types of pollution. Obtaining universal materials with a high elimination capacity and which can be used for a wide range of pollutants is the main goal in this area of investigation," said Esteban Alonso, professor at University of Seville.