Obama warned there was no "magic formula" to force Assad to leave power, as both the United States and Turkey want, but said he hoped a conference that Washington is organising with Russia next month would be successful.
He gave no sign that he was ready to satisfy Turkish calls for Washington to overcome its reservations about directly arming rebels fighting Assad's regime.
"There is no magic formula for dealing with a extraordinary violent and difficult situation like Syria's," Obama said, after meeting Erdogan at the White House.
Obama also said that his administration is constantly reviewing his options in Syria, beyond current non-military support for opposition forces and humanitarian aid to refugees.
"I preserve the option of taking additional steps, both diplomatic and military," Obama said.
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