"Thirteen men and two women perished. The blast was so powerful that it left craters," civil defence force director Nikolay Nikolov said.
Three female workers were also injured in the explosion, which rocked the mountainous area around the village of Gorni Lom in northwestern Bulgaria Wednesday evening, residents told state television.
The women were taken to hospital and were not in critical condition.
Nikolov said "human error" was the most probable cause of the blast, which razed several buildings at the small plant.
According to the plant's management, 12 workers and three of the factory chiefs were inside the facility at the time of the blast, which happened as Greek landmines were being taken apart.
Local resident Dimitar Dimitrov, 59, told AFP: "I used to work there and I sneaked inside the area long before the engineers arrived. Everything was razed to the ground."
Among the locals, many of whom lost friends and relatives, the disaster did not come as much of a surprise.
Dimitrov said his 26-year-old son Vasil, who was among the victims, was paid 240 leva and working conditions were bad.
"My son looked for work for three and a half months and was finally forced to go there," the tearful mother of another victim told private bTV television.
"I begged him to refuse this dangerous job but he had a family to feed."
"This is what happens when safety rules are not observed. I used to work at the plant when it was state-owned -- there were iron rules and no accidents," another elderly woman added.
"Sadly, this is also not a precedent but the latest deadly case," he added.
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