The defeat, in which some of the SRF fighters deserted and joined Al-Nusra, is seen as a blow to US efforts to create and train a moderate rebel force as a counterweight to jihadists and the forces of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
Al-Nusra captured Deir Sinbel and also controls most of the other towns and villages in the Jabal al-Zawiya area, said the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
The Observatory said Al-Nusra was backed by jihadists from the Islamic State (IS) group in the operation, though the two organisations are fighting each other fiercely elsewhere in Syria.
IS, a radical Sunni Muslim group, has seized large swathes of Syria and Iraq, committing widespread atrocities and proclaiming an Islamic caliphate in territory it controls.
The SRF, backed by the West and various Arab countries, favours the establishment of a democratic state in a post-Assad Syria.
It was formed at the end of 2013 as an alliance of moderate rebels. It was hoped that its chief, Jamaal Maarouf, would spearhead the formation of a nationwide force capable of challenging not only the jihadists but also the regime.
Yesterday, activists published a video showing Maarouf addressing Al-Nusra leader Abu Mohammad al-Jolani, saying: "You have tarnished the name of Islam, and you have tarnished religion. Why do you fight us? Go away, fight the regime!"
He added: "You are nothing; you are just like Baghdadi... you bastard."
Maarouf was referring to IS chief Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
Al-Nusra hit back on Twitter, accusing Maarouf of "corruption" and of "straying from the path of the revolution".
Idlib province was among the first areas to fall from government control, soon after the outbreak of a revolt against Assad's in 2011.
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