"Realistically I know myself that Russia will be my last opportunity to do anything with England," Rooney told a press conference at St George's Park in Burton, central England.
"So I'm going to try and enjoy these two years and hopefully I can end my career with England on a high."
New England manager Sam Allardyce confirmed on Monday that Rooney, 30, will be kept on as captain for the World Cup qualifying campaign, which begins in Slovakia on Sunday.
Captain since August 2014, Rooney is also England's record goal-scorer with 53 goals.
But in six major tournament appearances with England, he has never gone further than the quarter-finals.
England crashed out in the group phase at the last World Cup in Brazil two years ago and, with Rooney as captain, were humiliated by minnows Iceland in the last at Euro 2016.
"I have had a fantastic international career so far, played a lot of games and enjoyed every minute, but at some point it is going to come to an end," Rooney said. "I'm not old, I'm 30 years of age, and come Russia I feel that will be the time for me to say goodbye to international football.
Rooney's most impressive performance for England at a major tournament remains Euro 2004 in Portugal, when, aged only 18, he scored four goals as Sven Goran Eriksson's side reached the last eight.
Rooney ended an eight-year wait for a major tournament goal at Euro 2012, but England fell in the quarter-finals.
Although Rooney was deployed in midfield by former manager Roy Hodgson during Euro 2016, Allardyce has indicated he intends to use him in a number 10 role.
"It's the manager's decision," Rooney said. "We haven't spoken about that. In the next few days we'll speak about it more, whether it's as a midfielder or attacker.
"It's only a day we've been together, but you can see he's a relaxed guy, and since we've been here the camp has been good. It's just a matter of getting on the training pitch.
"I'm looking forward to getting back on the pitch. We have bad memories from the last game (against Iceland), obviously. We have to put it behind us.
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