At the break, the duo added 107 runs for the fourth wicket in 31.3 overs as none of the Indian bowlers failed to break the deadlock. Root was batting on 93 while Moeen Ali is inching towards his half-century at 48.
Virat Kohli will also be a bit worried as his premier fast bowler Mohammed Shami walked off the field feeling his hamstring having bowled only 9.1 overs.
His faced 144 balls so far having batted 177-minute hitting nine fours. Ali faced 95 balls and struck four boundaries.
Thanks to this pair and their unbroken century stand the tourists, who lost captain Alastair Cook, his debutant opening partner Haseeb Hameed and Ben Dockett before lunch, the tourists held the upper hand in the opening skirmish of the five-game rubber.
In the first session, Ashwin had accounted for the wickets of Hameed, whose dismissal also brought into play the Decision Review System for the first ever time in a Test match played in this country, and Duckett.
But thereafter India's success in wicket-taking ended, although they came close to dislodging Root close to tea who escaped a referral, the first called for by the home side in the match, after being hit low on the front pad by Umesh Yadav.
The not out decision by on-field umpire was reviewed by the Indians but replays showed the ball just kissing the leg stump and the original not out decision remained.
Skipper Kohli had rung in bowling changes at both ends in order to break the fourth-wicket stand between Root and Ali but all came to naught due to diligent batting on an easy-paced SCA Stadium track by the right-left pair who joined hands post lunch.
(REOPENS DEL 45)
Root, meanwhile reached his career's 25th half century with a single in 92 minutes and off 72 balls. He batted quite sedately after the lunch break.
The visitors added 54 runs in 16.3 overs in the first hour post lunch and India skipper Virat Kohli brought on Amit Mishra for his second spell in place of Yadav who leaked 22 runs in an unimpressive second spell of four overs.
In the first session, the home team had removed three visiting team's wickets but also allowed England to score good runs at a fast clip.
The visiting team, who won the toss and opted to bat in the maiden Test hosted by this city, lost Cook for 21 and debutant Hameed for 31 on either side of the first drinks break.
The tourists then lost left hander Ben Dockett, batting at No 4 to accommodate Hameed at the top, off the third ball of the last over from premier Indian spinner Ashwin to adjourn for lunch at 102 for three wickets, with Joe Root the unbeaten batsman on 35.
In the morning, India's lengthy luck with the toss in home Tests ended finally. Still they could have put England in early trouble but were let down by sloppy catching in the slip cordon.
Off the third ball of the series Ajinkya Rahane put down India's scourge and rival captain Cook off Shami at gully after getting both palms wrapped around the ball by diving to his right.
In between Cook lived dangerously, often flirting with the balls outside the off stump and edging some short of the slips or through the cordon for some runs.
India struck the first blow - and a big one at that - with the first ball after the drinks break when Cook was trapped leg before as he tried to turn the left arm slow bowler to leg.
Root and Hameed then batted steadily, with the former showing particularly good use of feet to tackle spin. He also hit two lovely cover-driven fours in successive balls from Ashwin in the off spinner's seventh over.
But Ashwin extracted his revenge on England two overs later by sending back Hameed with a ball that turned in a bit and got past the defensive shot of the rookie opener who played outside the line to be rapped on back foot.
The wicket fell with 18 minutes for lunch break and brought cheers to the home side's camp. The left-handed Duckett set about attacking Ashwin with two sweeps and another extra cover drive for fours soon after arriving to the crease.
However, in the next over - the final one before lunch - Ashwin got him edging a defensive shot to the right of slip fielder Rahane who atoned for an earlier lapse with a diving catch inches off the turf to give the edge to the hosts.
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