The ruling ANC party, which led the fight against apartheid and came to power under Nelson Mandela in 1994, was yesterday rocked by the clear-out of senior figures including finance minister Pravin Gordhan.
The late-night move caused a sharp drop in the value of rand as investors reacted to concerns that Zuma, whose term in office has been tainted by corruption scandals, would now have a free hand over government finances.
Zuma said in a statement that the changes were "to bring about radical socio-economic transformation and to ensure that the promise of a better life for the poor and the working class becomes a reality."
Gordhan has been supported by several senior ministers and many international investors, as well as being widely admired by ordinary South Africans and veterans of the anti-apartheid struggle.
He has campaigned for controlled spending and against corruption, but Zuma's allies have accused him of thwarting the president's desire to enact "radical economic transformation" tackling racial inequality.
He is seen as favouring his ex-wife, former African Union chief Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, to succeed him, ahead of Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa.
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