The author took to Twitter to share the announcement.
"#THEGENE is listed for the @wellcometrust @wellcomebkprize BOOK PRIZE," he wrote on the social networking site.
In his book, Mukherjee blends science, social history, and personal narrative, and attempts to tackle the knotty dilemma of whether human beings should remain bound to heredity or alter the course of future generations.
It is among the 12 books on the list that features seven non-fiction and five fiction titles, including memoir, contemporary fiction, historical fiction and popular science.
Other works of fiction longlisted for the prize include 'Mend the Living' by Maylis de Kerangal, 'The Golden Age' by Joan London, 'The Essex Serpent' by Sarah Perry, 'The Tidal Zone' by Sarah Moss and 'Miss Jane' by Brad Watson.
'How to Survive a Plague' by David France, 'Homo Deus' by Yuval Noah Harari, 'When Breath Becomes Air' by Paul Kalanithi, 'Cure' by Jo Marchant, 'A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived' by Adam Rutherford and 'I Contain Multitudes' by Ed Yong were among the works of non-fiction.
The shortlist for the 2017 prize will be announced on 14 March 2017 and the winner on 24 April 2017.
The 2016 Wellcome Prize was won by Suzanne O'Sullivan for 'It's All in Your Head: True Stories of Imaginary Illness'.
The annual award recognises works of literature, both fiction and non-fiction, that have a central theme engaging with some aspect of medicine, health or illness. The genres can vary from crime, romance and popular science to sci-fi and history.
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