Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) said it has obtained 400 gigabytes of data which reveal those, along with professional advisers, who may be involved.
Some of the over 100 caught during the operation were already under investigation for tax evasion, it said.
So far HMRC has pinpointed more than 100 people from the information, whom it says benefited from using offshore havens such as Singapore, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, and the Cook Islands to hide their assets.
HMRC is working on the material with the tax authorities in the United States and Australia.
HMRC refused to disclose where the documents came from, but an official suggested they constituted the largest haul of offshore tax evasion data obtained so far.
Tax evaders risk being charged fines equivalent to 200 per cent of the amount of tax they should have paid.
The Chancellor of Exchequer, George Osborne, said: "The message is simple: if you evade tax, we're coming after you.
"This data is another weapon in HMRC's arsenal."
Chas Roy-Chowdhury, head of taxation at the ACCA accountancy body, said that it was still a small number of people who were evading tax in these markets.
"The majority of accountants, lawyers and other professional advisers, as well as their clients, are not breaking any laws in these locations. There is a large gulf between what amounts to tax avoidance, which is within the law, and tax evasion, which is illegal," he said.
Last week, Bermuda and other British overseas territories with financial centres signed agreements on sharing tax information.
An international drive against tax evasion and the use of tax havens has been picking up steam.
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