US contest seeks innovations to navigate underground terrains

The US defence agency is seeking innovative technologies that can map, navigate and search underground environments which are too hazardous for human first responders in times of disasters.
Underground settings are becoming increasingly relevant to global security and safety. Rising populations and urbanisation are requiring military and civilian first responders to perform their duties below ground in human-made tunnels, underground urban spaces, and natural cave networks.
Recognising that innovative, enhanced technologies could accelerate development of critical lifesaving capabilities, US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) announced its newest challenge: the DARPA Subterranean Challenge.
The Subterranean or "SubT" Challenge aims to explore new approaches to rapidly map, navigate, and search underground environments.

Teams from around the world will be invited to propose novel methods for tackling time-critical scenarios through unknown courses in mapping subsurface networks and unpredictable conditions, which are too hazardous for human first responders.
"One of the main limitations facing warfighters and emergency responders in subterranean environments is a lack of situational awareness; we often don't know what lies beneath us," said Timothy Chung, programme manager in DARPA's Tactical Technology Office (TTO).

"The DARPA Subterranean Challenge aims to provide previously unimaginable situational awareness capabilities for operations underground," said Chung.
"We've reached a crucial point where advances in robotics, autonomy, and even biological systems could permit us to explore and exploit underground environments that are too dangerous for humans," said TTO Director Fred Kennedy.

"Instead of avoiding caves and tunnels, we can use surrogates to map and assess their suitability for use," said Kennedy.
"Through the DARPA Subterranean Challenge, we are inviting the scientific and engineering communities - as well as the public - to use their creativity and resourcefulness to come up with new technologies and concepts to make the inaccessible accessible," he said.
Teams can compete in one or both of two complementary research tracks: the Systems track, to develop hardware and software to test on a physical course; or the Virtual track, to develop software-based approaches to test on a simulated course.

Teams in both tracks will compete in three preliminary Circuit events and the Final event. Each Circuit event will explore the difficulties of operating in a specific underground environment.
The first will focus on human-made tunnel systems. The second will focus on underground urban environments such as mass transit and municipal infrastructure. The third will focus on naturally occurring cave networks.
The Final event, planned for 2021, will put teams to the test with courses that incorporate diverse challenges from all three environments.
The winner of the Systems track will take home a USD 2 million prize, while the winner of the Virtual track will earn a USD 750,000 prize.