But despite the Taliban's "great happiness" over the prisoners' release, a spokesman for the militant group cautioned the exchange was "not political".
The five prisoners were named as Mohammad Fazl, Norullah Noori, Mohammed Nabi, Khairullah Khairkhwa and Abdul Haq Wasiq, all influential former officials of the Taliban regime driven out of power in the US-led invasion of Afghanistan after the 9/11 attacks.
They were swapped for Idaho native Bergdahl, who disappeared in June 2009 from a base in Afghanistan's eastern Paktika province.
Ismail Qasimyar, of the peace council, said: "I think it shows all sides' goodwill for trust building and start of the peace talks in near future.
"Especially it shows the government of Afghanistan's commitment toward peace talks. We are very optimistic that the release of these senior Taliban will help the peace process."
He added that the council together with the Afghan government had been part of the negotiations for a long time.
"In fact, a member of the national security council of Afghanistan went to Guantanamo to seek the possibility of releasing senior Taliban around 10 months ago," he said.
Later speaking to AFP, Zabihullah Mujahid, a spokesman cautioned against reading too much into the exchange.
"It has only been an exchange of the war prisoners, there is nothing political in it, it has not been done for peace process," he said.
The Taliban leadership has publicly refused to engage with the Afghan government, accusing President Hamid Karzai of being an American puppet.
The High Peace Council is a government body which was created by President Hamid Karzai to negotiate with the Taliban after their ouster in 2001.
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