The closure comes five years after an outbreak of norovirus caused by contaminated shellfish forced Blumenthal to close The Fat Duck, his three-starred restaurant in Bray, west of the capital, for ten days.
Westminster City Council, the local authority, said 24 diners and 21 staff had been taken ill at Dinner, which was named the seventh best restaurant in the world in last year's San Pellegrino awards.
James Armitage, the council's food safety manager, said: "Test results this week have shown that there has been an outbreak of norovirus at the Dinner restaurant at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel in Knightsbridge.
In an interview with the Mail today, Blumenthal said his decision to close the restaurant was driven by his previous experience at the Fat Duck.
"I will always err on the side of extreme caution -- as The Who sang, 'I won't get fooled again'," the 47-year-old told the newspaper.
He added: "My goal has always been to pursue perfection in the kitchen and to amaze our guests with taste sensations beyond their imagination, rather than expose them to the risk of a really nasty couple of days of heaving."
The Health Protection Agency said the virus was probably introduced via contaminated or undercooked shellfish.
Dinner, which serves food inspired by historic British dishes, said on its website that it would be closed for one week from today.
"We apologise for any inconvenience caused to those guests whose bookings have been cancelled," a spokeswoman said.
"However we understand how contagious this winter flu bug can be and will take every precaution necessary to protect our guests.
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