To fully grasp the importance of infrastructure outlays in the Union Budget allocations, it is important to understand three fundamental public expenditure tenets.
One, during a post-Budget interaction in February 2023, a senior finance ministry official revealed on national television that the government had confidential data indicating that every Rs 1 spent on infrastructure contributed Rs 3 to gross domestic product (GDP), whereas Rs 1 spent on any form of direct benefit transfer (DBT) added only 90 paise to GDP. Thus, the case for large dollops of public expenditure on infra capex to pump-prime the economy must continue to be
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