Japan logged a deficit of 1.45 trillion yen ($14 billion) against the year-before shortfall of 356.9 billion yen, the finance ministry said.
Exports rose 1.8% to 6.38 trillion yen, thanks to higher shipments of cars and processed fuel products.
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Energy imports surged after the 2011 Fukushima crisis forced the shutdown of Japan's nuclear reactors, which once supplied a third of the nation's power.
A sharp decline in the yen, which is good for exporters' profitability, has also forced up the cost of importing.
The yen was an average 8.7% cheaper against the dollar in March compared with the year-before level, according to customs data.
Japanese domestic demand for gasoline and other products also picked up in March ahead of the April 1 sales tax hike from 5.0% to 8.0%.
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