Charity becomes less moral when 'tainted' by personal gain

A new study has found that people are likely to consider one's charitable actions less ethical when the do-gooder gets a reward from the effort.

This phenomenon, which researchers call the "tainted-altruism effect", suggests that charity in conjunction with self-interested behavior is viewed less favorably because we tend to think that the person could have given everything to charity without taking a cut for themselves.

Yale University researcher George Newman explained that the study suggests that people may react very negatively to charitable initiatives that are perceived to be in some way 'inauthentic.'

In one study, Newman and colleague Daylian Cain instructed participants to read scenarios in which a man was trying to gain a woman's affection by volunteering at her workplace.

Some participants read that she worked at a homeless shelter, while others read that she worked at a coffee shop. A third group of participants read both scenarios.

In line with the tainted-altruism hypothesis, participants who read that the man volunteered at the homeless shelter rated him as less moral, less ethical, and his actions as no more beneficial to society than the participants who read that he volunteered at the coffee shop.

Participants who read both the scenarios, however, seemed to realize that doing some good by volunteering at the homeless shelter was better than doing no good at all: They rated the man as equally moral in both scenarios.

Several other experiments supported these results, showing that participants viewed making a profit from a charitable initiative as less moral than making a profit from a business venture, and they were significantly less likely to support that charity as a result.

Participants only realized the inconsistency in this logic when they were reminded that the person in question didn't have to contribute to charity at all.

In their final experiment, the researchers tested the tainted-altruism effect with the Gap (RED) campaign, a real-world initiative that donates 50 percent of profits from certain products purchased at Gap clothing stores to help fight the spread of HIV/AIDS and malaria.

This time, participants rated the company poorly if they were reminded that Gap keeps the other 50 percent of profits. However, those who were asked to further consider that Gap didn't have to donate any money at all realized the flawed logic and rated them more highly.

Newman said that his team found evidence that 'tainted' charity is seen as worse than doing no good at all.

The study is published in the journal Psychological Science.