Briefing reporters, fire department official Kim Kyung-Soo said of the 200 injured, only an elderly woman with a fracture was seriously hurt.
More than 150 received some sort of treatment but mostly for minor cuts or sprains, he said.
News of the accident broke with the country still reeling from the April 16 ferry tragedy that left 300 dead or missing -- most of them high school students -- after the ship capsized and sank.
The subway accident happened around 3:30 pm (0630 GMT) when a moving train slammed into the rear of a stationary train at Sangwangsimni station in eastern Seoul.
Around 1,000 people were evacuated from the two trains, Kim said, adding that many of those hurt had complained of ankle injuries, cuts and bruises.
According to senior Seoul Metro official Chung Soo-Young, initial investigations suggested the automated stopping system that should prevent a train getting too close to another appeared to have failed.
He applied the emergency break, but the distance was "too short" to avoid a collision, Chung said.
The two last cars of the stationary train appeared to have been thrown off the rails by the force of the impact, and TV footage showed cracked windows on the two trains and one door connecting two carriages that had been completely knocked off its hinges.
Seoul's subway network is one of the busiest in the world, carrying around 5.25 million passengers a day, according to official data from City Hall.
President Park Geun-Hye's approval ratings, which have been impressively high since she took office a little over a year ago, have fallen by around 11 percentage points in the wake of the ferry disaster, according to Gallup Korea.
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