2016 on track to be hottest year ever: UN

Global temperatures for the first six months of this year have shattered previous records, setting 2016 on track to be the hottest year ever, the UN weather agency has said.
Arctic sea ice melted early and fast, another indicator of climate change and carbon dioxide levels, which are driving global warming, have reached new highs, World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said yesterday.
"Another month, another record. And another. And another. Decades-long trends of climate change are reaching new climaxes, fuelled by the strong 2015/2016 El Nino," said WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.
The El Nino event, which turned up the Earth's thermostat, has now disappeared, but "climate change, caused by heat-trapping greenhouse gases, will not," Taalas said.

He said it will result in more heatwaves, more extreme rainfall and potential for higher impact tropical cyclones.
The average temperature in the first six months of 2016 was 1.3 degrees Celsius warmer than the pre-industrial era in the late 19th century, according to NASA.

To calculate global temperature statistics for its annual state of the climate report, WMO uses datasets from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA GISS) and the UK's Met Office and reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF).

NOAA said the global land and ocean average temperature for January-June was 1.05 degrees Celsius above the 20th century average, beating the previous record set in 2015 by 0.20 degree Celsius.
Each month in 2016 was record warm. Most of the world's land and ocean surfaces had warmer to much-warmer-than-average conditions.
The El Nino event which developed in 2015 and was one of the most powerful on record contributed to the record temperatures in the first half of 2016. It dissipated in May.
June 2016 marked the 14th consecutive month of record heat for land and oceans and marked the 378th consecutive month with temperatures above the 20th century average.

The last month with temperatures below the 20th century average was December 1984.
Carbon dioxide concentrations have passed the symbolic milestone of 400 parts per million in the atmosphere so far this year and CO2 levels vary according to the season, but the underlying trend is upwards, the report said.
They showed a surprising increase for the first half of 2016, rising in June 2016 to nearly 407 ppm, 4 ppm greater than June 2015, the agency said.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has invited leaders to
a special event on September 21 to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession to the Paris Agreement on climate change adopted last December.

The event will also provide an opportunity to other countries to publicly commit to the agreement before the end of 2016.
The extent of Arctic sea ice at the peak of the summer melt season now typically covers 40 per cent less area than it did in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Arctic sea ice extent in September, the seasonal low point in the annual cycle, has been declining at a rate of 13.4 per cent per decade.
Rainfall in June 2016 varied significantly around the world, it said.
It was notably drier than normal across the western and central contiguous US, Spain, northern Colombia, northeastern Brazil, Chile, southern Argentina, and across parts of central Russia, WMO said.

Wetter-than-normal precipitation was observed across northern Argentina, northern and central Europe, much of Australia, and across central and southern Asia.