'3,000-year-old Egyptian toe may be world's oldest prosthesis'

A 3,000-year-old artificial wooden big toe, belonging to an Egyptian priest's daughter, may be one of the world's first prosthetic body parts, scientists say.
The artificial toe from the early first millennium BC testifies to the skills of an artisan who was very familiar with the human physiognomy or appearance, researchers said.
Egyptologists from the University of Basel in Switzerland have reexamined the artificial wooden big toe discovered in a female burial from the necropolis of Sheikh Abd el-Qurna close to Luxor in Egypt.
Researchers investigated the one-of-a-kind prosthesis using modern microscopy, X-ray technology, and computer tomography.
They were able to show that the wooden toe was refitted several times to the foot of its owner, a priest's daughter.

The researchers also newly classified the used materials and identified the method with which the highly developed prosthesis was produced and utilised.

The technical know-how can be seen particularly well in the mobility of the prosthetic extension and the robust structure of the belt strap, they said.
Researchers said the fact that the prosthesis was made in such a laborious and meticulous manner indicates that the owner valued a natural look, aesthetics and wearing comfort and that she was able to count on highly qualified specialists to provide this.
The prosthesis from the Early Iron Age was found in a plundered shaft tomb that was cut into the bedrock of an older, long time idle burial chapel.

This chapel belongs to a group of monumental rock-cut tombs from the late 15th century BC which were built for a small upper class that was close to the royal family.
Since the end of 2015, the University of Basel has been studying this ancient Egyptian elite cemetery, its long history of usage, and surroundings.
For this project, microanalytic, scientifically oriented methods, as well as precision technology for surveying and photography were used.