The small piece -- which dates from 960-1127 -- stole the previous record of $36.05 million set in 2014 for a Ming Dynasty wine cup which was snapped up by a Shanghai tycoon famous for making eye-watering bids.
The person behind today's winning offer wished to remain anonymous, Sotheby's said, with the auction house declining to say whether the buyer hailed from the Chinese mainland or not.
"It's a totally new benchmark for Chinese ceramics and we've made history with this piece today," Nicolas Chow, deputy chairman of Sotheby's Asia, told reporters.
The winning offer eventually came from one of the phone bidders and was received by a round of applause.
The bowl -- originally designed to wash brushes -- is an example of extremely rare Chinese porcelain from the imperial court of the Northern Song Dynasty and one of only four such pieces in private hands, according to Sotheby's.
Measuring 13cm in diameter, the dish features a luminous blue glaze.
That cup sold in 2014 to taxi-driver-turned-financier Liu Yiqian, one of China's wealthiest people and among a new class of Chinese super-rich scouring the globe for artwork and antiquities.
He famously drank tea from the dainty vessel after his purchase, causing something of a social media meltdown in China at the time.
In recent years Liu, who has built his own museum in Shanghai, has made a series of record-breaking bids and has become China's highest profile art collector.
In 2015 he splashed out on Modigliani's "Nu Couche" or "Reclining Nude" for more than USD170 million at Christie's in what was then the second highest price ever paid at auction for a work of art.
An ongoing anti-corruption drive in mainland China has done little to dent feverish bidding in Hong Kong's auction houses.
Earlier this year a giant diamond named the "Pink Star" broke the world record for a gemstone sold at auction when it fetched USD 71.2 million.
Disclaimer: No Business Standard Journalist was involved in creation of this content
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