The shooting erupted at the international airport and a military headquarters, causing panic among residents, while police said armed youths had taken hostage several reporters from the state television station RTNC.
Government spokesman Lambert Mende told AFP that 16 of the attackers had been killed at the airport, 16 at the general staff headquarters and eight more at the RTNC premises.
"No civilian casualties have been reported and no victims in the security forces," Mende said, adding that the assailants had yet to be identified.
The US embassy stated that it had "received multiple reports of armed engagements and fighting around Kinshasa", together with reports of numerous military and police checkpoints and barricades.
"The embassy urges all US citizens in Kinshasa to stay in place and not travel around the city until further notice," it said in a statement on its website.
"There's panic in the city, people are asking what is happening," a local resident told AFP after the unrest began, adding that he had seen police and military officers deploy around the RTNC building and the nearby parliament premises.
Police officers, soldiers and President Joseph Kabila's Republican Guard fanned out across the capital to restore security, an AFP reporter saw. Traffic was slowed down and security forces were restricting the movements of civilians in some districts.
A smell of gunpowder hung in the air, the reporter said.
A police spokesman said earlier that journalists at state broadcaster RTNC had been taken hostage by armed youths, and the television feed was temporarily cut.
"They are armed with machetes and guns. They have taken reporters hostage. An operation is under way to dislodge them," spokesman colonel Mwana Mputu told AFP.
"We don't have the impression that the attackers had any other objective -- in such small numbers, with such weak weaponry -- but to seek... To spread panic and terror on the eve of the New Year's festivities," Mende said once the television link was restored.
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