The USGS said the quake hit at 1:36 pm (1636 GMT) at a depth of 109 kilometers (68 miles) around 40 kilometers northeast of the city of Calama.
The epicenter was north of the Atacama region, where rare torrential rains have caused deadly flash floods that killed at least 10 people and injured 19 more in recent days.
Chile's National Emergency Bureau said there were no initial reports of injuries, "or changes to basic services and infrastructure."
It added that the earthquake did not meet the criteria necessary to create a tsunami off the Chilean coast.
In April last year, an 8.2-magnitude quake struck the northern city of Arica, killing six.
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