Afghanistan is home to a Sunni Muslim majority but nearly one-fifth of the population is Shiite, mainly Farsi-speakers and from the Hazara ethnic group.
"Shiite Afghan militiamen have been fighting for several months alongside Bashar al-Assad's army, especially around Shiite religious sites in Sayyida Zeinab" near Damascus, said Observatory director Rami Abdel Rahman.
"They later started fighting alongside loyalist troops all over Syria, especially in the northern province of Aleppo," he told AFP.
Shiites around the world revere the shrine, with many volunteering to defend it from any attacks in the war between Assad loyalists and mainly Sunni rebels.
In the northern city of Aleppo, meanwhile, 16 regime loyalists, including Afghans, were killed in a clash yesterday night in the Malah area, said the Britain-based group.
The army has been making advances in the area, and aims to cut off a supply route used by rebels who hold more than half of Aleppo, once the country's commercial capital.
Foreign fighters have streamed into Syria to support both sides in the conflict that broke out in March 2011 when Assad's forces unleashed a bloody crackdown on democracy protests.
"The Afghan fighters are clearly driven by sectarianism," said Abdel Rahman.
Syria's regime has been dominated for 40 years by the Alawite community, an offshoot of Shiite Islam.
Sunnis make up the vast majority of Syria's population, as well as the rebels fighting to oust Assad.
Elsewhere in Syria, the number of civilians killed in a regime air strike against the Waer district of Homs on Monday has risen to 32, the Observatory said, adding that 11 were from one family.
Waer is the last rebel-held area of Homs, which was once known as the "capital of the revolution" against Assad.
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