The find was made by a US-Egyptian mission in the Tal Edfu area north of the city of Aswan.
One building was from the era of the pharaoh Djedkare Isesi of the fifth dynasty which ruled Egypt more than 4,400 years ago, the ministry said.
The other was constructed during the sixth dynasty which ruled between 2,323 BC and 2,135 BC.
"The complex consists of two massive buildings containing many rooms and it is yet to be fully examined," the antiquities ministry's Ayman Ashmawy told AFP.
The mission found a large number of seals "used to seal everything that would enter and leave storage", in addition to correspondence between officials and the pharaoh, he said.
According to historians, Djedkare Isesi's era was known for its expeditions to extract raw materials, especially copper, from south Sinai.
Separately near Aswan, an Egyptian team found a limestone funerary plate 40 centimetres (nearly 16 inches) tall and 27 centimetres (10.5 inches) wide, Ashmawy said.
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