Arguments at home may affect babies' brain functioning

Parents, please note! Being exposed to arguments between parents may influence the way babies' brains process emotion and stress, a new study has found.
The study, conducted by University of Oregon, found that infants respond to angry tone of voice, even when they're asleep.
Babies' brains are highly plastic, allowing them to develop in response to the environments and encounters they experience.
But this plasticity comes with a certain degree of vulnerability - research has shown that severe stress, such as maltreatment or institutionalisation, can have a significant, negative impact on child development.
Researcher Alice Graham with her advisors Phil Fisher and Jennifer Pfeifer wondered what the impact of more moderate stressors might be.

"We were interested in whether a common source of early stress in children's lives - conflict between parents - is associated with how infants' brains function," said Graham.

Graham and colleagues decided to take advantage of recent developments in fMRI scanning with infants to answer this question.
Twenty infants, ranging in age from 6 to 12 months, came into the lab at their regular bedtime. While they were asleep in the scanner, the infants were presented with nonsense sentences spoken in very angry, mildly angry, happy, and neutral tones of voice by a male adult.
"Even during sleep, infants showed distinct patterns of brain activity depending on the emotional tone of voice we presented," said Graham.

The researchers found that infants from high conflict homes showed greater reactivity to very angry tone of voice in brain areas linked to stress and emotion regulation, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
Previous research with animals has shown that these brain areas play an important role in the impact of early life stress on development - the results of this new study suggest that the same might be true for human infants.
According to the researchers, these findings show that babies are not oblivious to their parents' conflicts, and exposure to these conflicts may influence the way babies' brains process emotion and stress.

The study will be published in journal Psychological Science.