At UBS, rate manipulators called each other 'Superman', 'Hero'

UBS was today fined 160 million British pounds by the UK's Financial Services Authority and the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) has asked the bank to disgorge 59 million Swiss francs in profits to the government.

The two authorities said the probe revealed that the individuals involved in the manipulative activities of the reference rate "referred to each other in congratulatory and exhortatory terms such as 'the three muscateers (sic)', 'Superman', 'Be a Hero today' and 'Captain Caos' (sic)".

These are part of documented electronic communications between traders and brokers involved in the case.

FINMA said the traders working at UBS made numerous requests to bank employees to submit interest rates of higher or lower values so as to benefit UBS proprietary trades.

The London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR) are benchmark reference rates used in both the UK and international financial markets.

FSA said that some managers and employees of UBS sought to manipulate certain LIBOR currencies and EURIBOR between 2005 and 2010, by way of wrong submission of rates that formed part of the calculation of LIBOR and EURIBOR.

The FSA said the penalty could have been much higher at USD 200 million, but UBS got a 20 per cent "discount" as it agreed to settle the investigation at an early stage.