Adam Brookman, 39, could become the first person to be charged under tough new laws which make it a crime to even set foot in the Islamic State stronghold of al-Raqqa province in Syria without good reason.
Brookman was voluntarily returning to Australia with a police escort on a flight from Turkey where he had surrendered to authorities, Australian Federal Police said in a statement.
He was "subject to ongoing investigations" but has not been charged, police said.
"If there is evidence an Australian has committed a criminal offence under Australia law while involved in the conflict in Syria and Iraq, they will be charged and put before the courts," it said.
Brookman, a Muslim convert and father of five children who live in Melbourne, told Fairfax Media in May that he went to Syria last year to do humanitarian work for civilians caught in the conflict. He said he was innocent of any crime.
"After I recovered, they wouldn't let me leave," he told Fairfax.
He won the militants' trust by working as a medic and was able to escape in December to Turkey where he eventually surrendered to authorities.
If charged, the onus would be on Brookman to prove he had a legitimate reason to be in the terrorist hotspot.
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