"He has been barred because his visit was not planned as part of a bilateral exchange, but was about his public appearance at an event marking the coup attempt," foreign ministry spokesman Thomas Schnoell told AFP.
Zeybekci's attendance at the "large event" would have represented a "danger for public order", Schnoell added.
"The Turkish government wants to exert its political influence in Austria. We won't allow that," Austrian Chancellor Christian Kern told Oe1 public radio.
The rally is scheduled to take place in Vienna on Sunday.
It is being organised by the Austrian branch of the Union of European Turkish Democrats (UETD), a pro-Ankara group present in several European Union countries.
UETD spokesman Ramazan Aktas called Vienna's move "undemocratic".
The Turkish economy ministry said it had not made a formal request to organise an event to commemorate the July 15 failed putsch in Austria.
The ministry added in a statement there had been plans for Zeybekci to meet in the near future with the Austrian foreign and economic affairs ministers but made no separate demand.
Ties between Ankara and the EU have been strained over the crackdown that followed the July 15 2016 attempted coup against President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Earlier this year, several member states including Austria and Germany banned pro-Ankara rallies ahead of a controversial referendum in April on granting Erdogan sweeping powers.
Turkish ministers had been heading to Europe to whip up support for a "yes" vote among millions of Turkey's voters who live abroad.
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