A federal grand jury returned a 30-count indictment against Dzhokhar and many of the charges carry the possibility of life in prison or the death penalty.
The charges include: use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death; bombing of a place of public use resulting in death, malicious destruction of property resulting in death, conspiracy, and use of a firearm during and in relation to a violent crime, federal prosecutors said in a statement.
A fourth victim, a university police officer, died in a gunfight with the pair four days later as authorities raced to capture them.
Seventeen of the charges carry the possibility of the death penalty. The others carry the possibility of as much as life in prison.
Dzhokhar aka "Jahar Tsarni" is a US citizen from Cambridge, Massachusetts.
The indictment alleged that Dzhokhar and his 26-year-old brother Tsarnaev Tamerlan conspired to use improvised explosive devices (IEDs) against people, property and places of public use.
After placing the IEDs among the crowd, the indictment alleges, Dzhokhar and his brother detonated the bombs seconds apart, killing three people, maiming and injuring many more, and forcing a premature end to the marathon.
The indictment alleges that the IEDs were constructed from pressure cookers, explosive powder, shrapnel, adhesives and other items, and were designed to shred skin, shatter bone and cause extreme pain and suffering, as well as death.
