In the meeting, it was agreed that security agencies in Britain will consider elements of the Paris attacks, which claimed 17 lives, while planning future training exercises for police and security services.
The UK's terror threat level remains at "severe" - meaning an attack is highly likely - one below the highest "critical" level, which would suggest an attack is imminent.
After the meeting, Cameron tweeted: "We discussed ensuring the UK is properly protected from the terrorist threat."
"They also discussed the risk posed by firearms, agreeing that our existing tough firearms laws are a very important part of the protections we have and that we should step up our efforts with other countries to crackdown on the illegal smuggling of weapons across borders," he added.
After joining French president Francois Hollande, and more than one million people, for a unity rally in Paris yesterday, Cameron said the UK is facing the same threat from the "fanatical death cult of Islamist extremist violence".
Twelve people were killed by Al Qaeda terrorists at the offices of the satirical magazine 'Charlie Hebdo' in Paris last Wednesday while a policeman was shot dead nearby. Four hostages died at a Jewish supermarket on Friday.
Meanwhile, the British Parliament's Joint Committee on Human Rights has raised concerns about the government's counter-terrorism bill, which is due for its second reading in the House of Lords tomorrow.
It contains plans to block UK terror suspects returning to Britain and to impose a statutory obligation on universities to prevent people being drawn into terrorism.
It also said that including universities in a list of institutions required to crackdown on extremism had "implications for both freedom of expression and academic freedom".
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