China says 13,000 "terrorists" held in restive Xinjiang

China said Monday it had arrested about 13,000 "terrorists" in a massive crackdown against militants in the volatile Uygur Muslim-majority Xinjiang region since 2014, denying criticism that Beijing is "buying" silence of the Muslim world with heavy investments in Pakistan and other Islamic countries.

China has faced mounting criticism for the detention of thousands of Uygur Muslims in massive "education camps".

"Since 2014, Xinjiang has destroyed 1,588 violent and terrorist gangs, arrested 12,995 terrorists, seized 2,052 explosive devices, punished 30,645 people for 4,858 illegal religious activities, and confiscated 345,229 copies of illegal religious materials," a white paper released Monday said.

It said that some areas in Xinjiang were severely disturbed by terrorism and the infiltration of religious extremism.

"For this reason, some people cannot speak, read or write in standard Chinese, have a weak understanding of rule of law, and have difficulty finding employment through a lack of employable skills. As a result, such people are more inclined to be incited or coerced into criminality by terrorist and extremist forces," it said.

China has made significant progress in its counterterrorism and de-radicalisation efforts in Xinjiang, it said.

"However, the three forces of terrorism, separatism and extremism are not gone; their influence can still be felt. And the 'East Turkistan' forces are in search of opportunities to create trouble. We still face a severe and complex situation in combating terrorism and extremism in Xinjiang," it said.

Separately, the Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang has denied China is "buying the silence" of Muslim countries with massive investments through the ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), of which the USD 60 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a flagship project.

Diplomats from Pakistan and several other Muslim countries, who were recently taken on a guided tour of Xinjiang following allegations of detention of over a million Uygurs, said there was no religious and cultural repression.

Asked whether China's was investing heavily in Muslim countries to buy their silence, Geng told the reporters that the BRI investments had nothing to do with Xinjiang related issues.

"China pursues preventive counter terrorism measures. I believe the international community recognises this," he said.

The UN human rights panel said in August last year that it had received many credible reports that about a million ethnic Uygurs in China in "massive internment camp that is shrouded in secrecy".

China defended the camps, saying they are re-education camps aimed at de-radicalising sections of the Uygur Muslim population from extremism and separatism.

The US and several other countries, besides UN officials, have expressed concern over the camps.

Xinjiang has been in turmoil for the last several years following Uygur protests over large scale settlements of Han Chinese into the resource-rich province.

China blames the separatist East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) for the violent terrorist attacks in Xinjiang and other parts of the country in the last several years.

A number of Uygurs reportedly joined Islamic State (ISIS) in Syria and were planning to return.