Hosts and defending champions South Korea, who were the pre-Games favourites, finished a poor fourth behind silver-medallists Taiwan and Mongolia.
Medal winners are decided by combining the qualification scores of each team member, a rule that ruined South Korea's chances.
The home team's Kim Jang-Mi and newly-crowned world champion Jung Jee-Hae took the first two positions in the qualifying round, but team-mate Oh Mink-Yung came in 28th.
The top eight shooters in the qualifying round will contest the individual final later Saturday.
