Bo Cai, an employee of a Chinese technology firm, was accused along with another Chinese national Wentong Cai, 29, of trying to illegally export military sensors out of the US.
Wentong, who is in the US on a student Visa, pleaded not guilty to the charges against him.
Bo faces up to 35 years in prison when he is sentenced at a later date.
In his plea agreement, Bo admitted that from March 2012 to December 2013 he conspired to export sensors from the US to China without first obtaining the required export license.
Bo enlisted Wentong to acquire the sensors under the ruse that he planned to use the sensors at Iowa State University where he was a graduate microbiology student, federal prosecutors said.
Court filings indicate that the investigation of this case began in October 2013, when an undercover agent responded to Wentong Cai's overtures.
After negotiations on phone and via email, Bo and Wentong travelled to New Mexico in December 2013, where they obtained a sensor from undercover agents and developed a plan for smuggling the sensor out of the US to China.
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